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Mediterranean diet and effect on the gut microbiome (Master thesis)

Κωνσταντίνου, Παναγιώτα/ Konstantinou, Panagiota

Introduction: The Mediterranean diet is well-known for its association with various health benefits, including reduced risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, obesity, and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Recent research has highlighted the potential role of the gut microbiome in mediating these health effects, suggesting that the Mediterranean diet may exert its positive effects, in part, through its influence on the composition and functionality of microorganisms in the intestinal system. However, the extent and mechanisms of these interactions remain to be fully explored. Purpose: This study aims to conduct a comprehensive analysis to examine the influence of the Mediterranean diet on the composition and diversity of the gut microbiome, as well as the impact of these changes on various pathological conditions such as IBDs, obesity, and neurological and psychological disorders. Method: A systematic literature review was conducted across multiple databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus to identify relevant studies examining the effects of the Mediterranean diet on the composition of the gut microbiome. Results: Adherence to the Mediterranean diet is associated with changes in the abundance and diversity of bacterial taxa, including enrichment of beneficial microorganisms and reduction of potentially harmful species. Additionally, significant correlations were observed between changes in the gut microbiome induced by the Mediterranean diet and positive outcomes for certain diseases related to the gut microbiome, including reduced risk of IBDs, obesity, as well as potential benefits for mental health. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study provides indicative evidence of the impact of the Mediterranean diet on the composition of the gut microbiome and its implications for health. Through promoting microbial diversity and metabolic balance, theMediterranean diet may offer protection against a range of chronic diseases and contribute to overall well-being. These findings underscore the importance of dietary interventions in regulating gastrointestinal health and highlight the potential of the Mediterranean diet as a therapeutic approach for optimal health outcomes. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and optimize dietary recommendations for personalized health advice.