Repository of DUTH

Menopause (Master thesis)

Χιονά, Μυρτώ/ Chiona, Myrto/ Τρόφιμα, διατροφή και μικροβίωμα

Menopause is a natural stage in every woman’s life, usually between the ages of 45 and 55, and it is defined by the permanent cessation of menstruation. It involves major hormonal changes – mainly a decline in estrogen and progesterone – which affect not only the reproductive system but also the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and nervous systems. These changes often lead to a range of symptoms that can significantly impact quality of life, such as hot flashes, night sweats, sleep disturbance, vaginal dryness, fatigue, joint pain, and reduced libido. Many women seek medical advice during this period. Menopause may also be associated with mood changes, depressive symptoms, and cognitive difficulties, which can further increase the overall health burden, especially given the higher risk of osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease after menopause. A key area of growing interest is the relationship between menopause and gut health. Hormonal shifts may alter the gut microbiome, influencing digestion, inflammation, immune function, and even mood through the gut-brain axis. Lifestyle factors-especially diet, physical activity, and stress management—can support a healthier microbiome and may help reduce some menopausal symptoms. Historically, perceptions of menopause have changed significantly, ranging from early medical descriptions of a natural transition to a more “medicalized” and pathologized view in the 19th century. Today, menopause is approached in a more holistic and individualized way, focusing on the woman’s physical, psychological and social well-being. Finally, the text highlights supportive strategies including complementary therapies (e.g., CBT, mindfulness, aromatherapy, reflexology, and Traditional Chinese Medicine) the careful use of herbal and dietary supplements with attention to safety, and the Lifestyle Medicine framework. Lifestyle Medicine emphasizes six pillars: healthy eating, physical activity, mental well-being, avoidance of harmful substances, restorative sleep, and healthy social relationships – aiming to improve symptoms, overall health, and long-term outcomes during and after menopause.